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Zakat is a pillar of Islam and an obligation ordained on every able Muslim. It is a portion of wealth that is designated for the poor, due annually.
The term 'Zakat' is derived from the Arabic root word meaning 'to purify' or 'to increase.'
"The believing men and believing women are allies of one another. They enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and establish prayer and give zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. Those - Allah will have mercy upon them. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise." {Surah Tawbah, 71}
"Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [Allah 's blessings] upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing." {Surah Tawbah, 103}
Zakat is due on every Muslim sane adult who meets the 'nisab' (minimum of one's holdings liable for zakat).
Zakat becomes obligatory upon the completion of a lunar year as long as the 'nisab' is met.
Quran clearly states 8 categories of people eligible for receiving Zakat:
"Zakat expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [zakah] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler - an obligation [imposed] by Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Wise." {Surah Tawbah, 60}
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